A Colorimetric Detection of Noradrenaline in Wastewater Using Citrate-Capped Colloidal Gold Nanoparticles Probe

Abstract

This study reports a simple, fast, and low-cost detection of noradrenaline (NA) in wastewater using citrate-capped colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The addition of NA to citrate-capped colloidal AuNPs generates a colour modulation that the bare eye can detect due to the aggregation of the colloidal AuNPs. The relationship between the NA concentration and colloidal AuNPs aggregation was further monitored by ultraviolet–visible light (UV–vis) spectroscopy in an aqueous solution. The method displayed a linear range of 0–500 μM with R2 = 0.99 and an LOD and LOQ of 42.2 and 140.5 μM. Application in an environmental sample collected from the Darville Wastewater Treatment Plant shows that this work provided a cost-effective and spectrophotometric method that could be used for monitoring contamination in wastewater.