Thorium Removal, Recovery and Recycling: A Membrane Challenge for Urban Mining

Author:

Man Geani Teodor12,Albu Paul Constantin3ORCID,Nechifor Aurelia Cristina1ORCID,Grosu Alexandra Raluca1,Tanczos Szidonia-Katalin4,Grosu Vlad-Alexandru5ORCID,Ioan Mihail-Răzvan3ORCID,Nechifor Gheorghe1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Department, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania

2. National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies—ICSI, 240050 Râmnicu Valcea, Romania

3. Radioisotopes and Radiation Metrology Department (DRMR), IFIN Horia Hulubei, 023465 Măgurele, Romania

4. Department of Bioengineering, University Sapientia of Miercurea-Ciuc, 500104 Miercurea Ciuc, Romania

5. Department of Electronic Technology and Reliability, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Technology, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 061071 Bucharest, Romania

Abstract

Although only a slightly radioactive element, thorium is considered extremely toxic because its various species, which reach the environment, can constitute an important problem for the health of the population. The present paper aims to expand the possibilities of using membrane processes in the removal, recovery and recycling of thorium from industrial residues reaching municipal waste-processing platforms. The paper includes a short introduction on the interest shown in this element, a weak radioactive metal, followed by highlighting some common (domestic) uses. In a distinct but concise section, the bio-medical impact of thorium is presented. The classic technologies for obtaining thorium are concentrated in a single schema, and the speciation of thorium is presented with an emphasis on the formation of hydroxo-complexes and complexes with common organic reagents. The determination of thorium is highlighted on the basis of its radioactivity, but especially through methods that call for extraction followed by an established electrochemical, spectral or chromatographic method. Membrane processes are presented based on the electrochemical potential difference, including barro-membrane processes, electrodialysis, liquid membranes and hybrid processes. A separate sub-chapter is devoted to proposals and recommendations for the use of membranes in order to achieve some progress in urban mining for the valorization of thorium.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Filtration and Separation,Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous),Process Chemistry and Technology

Reference293 articles.

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