Consolidation of Spray-Dried Amorphous Calcium Phosphate by Ultrafast Compression: Chemical and Structural Overview

Author:

Le Grill Sylvain1ORCID,Drouet Christophe1ORCID,Marsan Olivier1,Coppel Yannick2ORCID,Mazel Vincent34ORCID,Barthelemy Marie-Claire5,Brouillet Fabien5ORCID

Affiliation:

1. CIRIMAT, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 4 Allée Emile Monso, BP44362, CEDEX 4, 31030 Toulouse, France

2. LCC, UPR 8241 CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 205 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 4, 31077 Toulouse, France

3. Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, I2M, UMR 5295, 33400 Talence, France

4. Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Hesam Universite, I2M, UMR 5295, 33400 Talence, France

5. CIRIMAT, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France

Abstract

A large amount of research in orthopedic and maxillofacial domains is dedicated to the development of bioactive 3D scaffolds. This includes the search for highly resorbable compounds, capable of triggering cell activity and favoring bone regeneration. Considering the phosphocalcic nature of bone mineral, these aims can be achieved by the choice of amorphous calcium phosphates (ACPs). Because of their metastable property, these compounds are however to-date seldom used in bulk form. In this work, we used a non-conventional “cold sintering” approach based on ultrafast low-pressure RT compaction to successfully consolidate ACP pellets while preserving their amorphous nature (XRD). Complementary spectroscopic analyses (FTIR, Raman, solid-state NMR) and thermal analyses showed that the starting powder underwent slight physicochemical modifications, with a partial loss of water and local change in the HPO42- ion environment. The creation of an open porous structure, which is especially adapted for non-load bearing bone defects, was also observed. Moreover, the pellets obtained exhibited sufficient mechanical resistance allowing for manipulation, surgical placement and eventual cutting/reshaping in the operation room. Three-dimensional porous scaffolds of cold-sintered reactive ACP, fabricated through this low-energy, ultrafast consolidation process, show promise toward the development of highly bioactive and tailorable biomaterials for bone regeneration, also permitting combinations with various thermosensitive drugs.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Materials Science,General Chemical Engineering

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