The Paleoenvironment and Mechanisms of Organic Matter Enrichment of Shale in the Permian Taiyuan and Shanxi Formations in the Southern North China Basin

Abstract

The organic-rich shale of the Permian Taiyuan Formation (TYF) and Shanxi Formation (SXF) in the Southern North China Basin (SNCB) is considered a potential shale gas source. The shale was formed in a marine-continental transitional sedimentary environment, which has rarely been studied, with the enrichment mechanisms of organic matter (OM) remaining unclear. This study investigated the controlling factors and enrichment mechanisms of OM by analyzing the total organic carbon (TOC) content, paleoclimate, paleoproductivity, sedimentation rate, redox, and paleosalinity. The TOC of the TYF ranged from 0.92 to 7.43 wt.%, with an average of 2.48 wt.%, which was higher than that of the SXF (TOC = 0.36–5.1 wt.%, average of 1.68 wt.%). These geochemical indices suggest that both the TYF and SXF were deposited in warm and humid paleoclimates, with relatively high biological productivity and sedimentation rates. During the deposition process, the TYF experienced frequent transgression and regression events, leading to an enhancement of water reducibility, a relatively high sedimentation rate, reduced OM oxidation, and rapid deposition of OM, which were conducive to the preservation of OM. Moreover, a high biological productivity increased respiratory oxygen consumption in the water column, which could lead to OM accumulation. However, the regression event experienced by the SXF reduced the paleoproductivity and sedimentation rate and increased water oxidation, leading to a decrease in OM. The main controlling factors for the enrichment of OM in the TYF and SXF were the sedimentation rate, paleoproductivity, and redox conditions, thus establishing the enrichment models for OM in the TYF and SXF. This study is conducive to understanding shale enrichment mechanisms and guiding shale gas exploration.