Theoretical Review of Research to Date on Competences 4.0—What Do We Know about Competences in Industry 4.0? A Status Quo Analysis

Abstract

This article analyses competences 4.0 models created in the context of the concept of Industry 4.0. A literature review and bibliometric analyses were used to show the semantic shift of this concept over time. The results show that the 4.0 competences created in the context of Industry 4.0 assume that the skills they represent are needed in the labor market. Moreover, in most cases, analyses of competences 4.0 are carried out considering separate perspectives by researchers representing different scientific disciplines. Refining and fine-tuning a universal and detailed model of competences 4.0 is strongly recommended to bridge the gap between other scientific disciplines. Furthermore, this article presents competences 4.0 from a much broader perspective, including linguistic competences that stem from the wider domain of the ability to communicate within social competences. Linguistic competences are also interrelated with some aspects of cognitive competences. This approach makes this study completely novel and aims to present the most comprehensive and universal 4.0 model to date.