Ultrasonication-Assisted Green Synthesis and Physicochemical and Cytotoxic Activity Characterization of Protein-Based Nanoparticles from Moringa oleifera Seeds

Author:

Nafeh Amany Abd El-Shafy Abd El-Kader1ORCID,Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed Abd El-Aleem1,Foda Mohamed Frahat12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Egypt

2. National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China

Abstract

Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) is globally recognized for its medicinal properties and offers high-quality, protein-rich seeds. This study aimed to explore the potential of M. oleifera seeds as a significant source of protein-based nanoparticles (PBNPs) using the ultrasonication technique after desolvation and to evaluate their cytotoxicity in the human leukemia cell line (THP-1) for the first time. The properties of the PBNPs were confirmed by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The extracted protein from moringa seed cake flour had a significant protein content of 54.20%, and the resulting PBNPs had an average size of 134.3 ± 0.47 nm with a robust zeta potential of −43.15 mV. Notably, our study revealed that PBNPs exhibited cytotoxic potential at high concentrations, especially against the THP-1 human leukemia cell line, which is widely used to study immunomodulatory properties. The inhibitory effect of PBNPs was quantitatively evidenced by a cytotoxicity assay, which showed that a concentration of 206.5 μg mL−1 (log conc. 2.315) was required to inhibit 50% of biological activity. In conclusion, our findings highlight the potential of M. oleifera seeds as a valuable resource in the innovative field of eco-friendly PBNPs by combining traditional medicinal applications with contemporary advancements in protein nanotechnology. However, further studies are required to ensure their biocompatibility.

Funder

Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities

Publisher

MDPI AG

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