A Comprehensive Description of the Anatomy and Histochemistry of Psychotria capillacea (Müll. Arg.) Standl. and an Investigation into Its Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Mice and Role in Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment

Author:

Formagio Anelise Samara Nazari1,Vilegas Wagner2,Kassuya Cândida Aparecida Leite1,De Almeida Valter Paes3,Manfron Jane3ORCID,Konkiewitz Elisabete Castelon1,Ziff Edward Benjamin4,Faoro Janaine Alberto Marangoni1,Dos Santos Jessica Maurino1,Cecatto Ana Julia5,Sarragiotto Maria Helena5,Mussury Rosilda Mara6ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79825-070, MS, Brazil

2. Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University—UNESP, São Vicente 11330-900, SP, Brazil

3. Posgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84010-330, PR, Brazil

4. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York City, NY 10012, USA

5. Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil

6. Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados—UFGD, Dourados 79825-070, MS, Brazil

Abstract

Species of the genus Psychotria are used in popular medicine for pain, inflammatory symptoms, and mental disorders. Psychotria capillacea (Müll. Arg.) Standl. (Rubiaceae) is commonly known as coffee and some scientific studies have demonstrated its therapeutic potential. The goal of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity of a methanolic extract obtained from leaves of P. capillacea (MEPC), as well as the micromorphology and histochemistry of the leaves and stems of this plant. In addition, the MEPC was analyzed by UHPLC-MS/MS and the alkaloidal fraction (AF) obtained from the MEPC was tested in a mouse model of inflammation. MEPC contained three indole alkaloids, one sesquiterpene (megastigmane-type) and two terpene lactones. MEPC (3, 30 and 100 mg/kg) and AF (3 and 30 mg/kg) were evaluated in inflammation models and significantly inhibited edema at 2 h and 4 h, mechanical hyperalgesia after 4 h and the response to cold 3 h and 4 h after carrageenan injection. Scopolamine significantly increased the escape latency, and reduced the swimming time and number of crossings in the target quadrant and distance, while MEPC (3, 30 and 100 mg/kg), due to its neuroprotective actions, reversed these effects. AChE activity was significantly decreased in the cerebral cortex (52 ± 3%) and hippocampus (60 ± 3%), after MEPC administration. Moreover, micromorphological and histochemical information was presented, to aid in species identification and quality control of P. capillacea. The results of this study demonstrated that P. capillacea is an anti-inflammatory and antihyperalgesic agent that can treat acute disease and enhance memory functions in mouse models.

Funder

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Brazil

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Brazil

Publisher

MDPI AG

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