Enhancement of Abnormal Grain Growth by Surface Quenching Treatment to Eliminate Cu–Cu Bonding Interfaces Using (111)-Oriented Nanotwinned Copper

Abstract

Cu–Cu joints have been adopted for ultra-high density of packaging for high-end devices. However, the processing temperature must be kept relatively low, preferably below 300 °C. In this study, a novel surface modification technique, quenching treatment, was applied to achieve Cu-to-Cu direct bonding using (111)-oriented nanotwinned Cu. The quenching treatment enabled grain growth across the Cu–Cu bonding interface at 275 °C. During quenching treatment, strain energy was induced in the Cu film, resulting in a wrinkled surface morphology. To analyze the strain energy, we utilized an electron backscattered diffraction system to obtain crystallographic information and confirmed it using kernel average misorientation analysis.