Atovaquone and Berberine Chloride Reduce SARS-CoV-2 Replication In Vitro

Author:

Rodriguez-Rodriguez Bruno A.,Noval Maria G.,Kaczmarek Maria E.,Jang Kyung Ku,Thannickal Sara A.ORCID,Cifuentes Kottkamp AngelicaORCID,Brown Rebecca S.,Kielian MargaretORCID,Cadwell Ken,Stapleford Kenneth A.

Abstract

Epidemic RNA viruses seem to arise year after year leading to countless infections and devastating disease. SARS-CoV-2 is the most recent of these viruses, but there will undoubtedly be more to come. While effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are being deployed, one approach that is still missing is effective antivirals that can be used at the onset of infections and therefore prevent pandemics. Here, we screened FDA-approved compounds against SARS-CoV-2. We found that atovaquone, a pyrimidine biosynthesis inhibitor, is able to reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection in human lung cells. In addition, we found that berberine chloride, a plant-based compound used in holistic medicine, was able to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in cells through direct interaction with the virion. Taken together, these studies highlight potential avenues of antiviral development to block emerging viruses. Such proactive approaches, conducted well before the next pandemic, will be essential to have drugs ready for when the next emerging virus hits.

Funder

United States Public Health Service

American Heart Association

National Institutes of Health

Howard Hughes Medical Institute

Crohn's and Colitis Foundation

Kenneth Rainin Foundation

Judith and Stewart Colton Center of Autoimmunity

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Virology,Infectious Diseases

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