Crystal Violet Adsorption on Eco-Friendly Lignocellulosic Material Obtained from Motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca L.) Biomass

Abstract

The performance of a new eco-friendly adsorbent, obtained from motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca L.) biomass after minimum processing, in crystal violet dye removal from aqueous solutions was studied. Firstly, the adsorbent material was characterized using several technics, such as FTIR, pHPZC determination, SEM and color analysis. The next step was to determine the influence of initial dye concentration, contact time, temperature, pH, adsorbent dose and ionic strength on adsorbent adsorption capacity. Equilibrium, kinetic, thermodynamic, optimization and desorption studies were performed in a batch system for studying all aspects related to the adsorption process. The sips isotherm best fit the experimental data with a predicted maximum adsorption capacity of 125.6 (mg g−1). The kinetic data indicate that equilibrium is reached at 50 min and that general order is the best kinetic model to describe the dye retention. The process is endothermic, spontaneous, favorable and supposed to be a physical adsorption. In addition to establishing the optimal adsorption conditions, Taguchi methods and ANOVA analysis showed that the pH is the most influencing parameter of the adsorption process, having a contribution of 61.64%. All the presented data show that the motherwort biomass powder is very suitable to be used as at low-cost, easy available and effective adsorbent for the crystal violet dye removal from aqueous solutions.