Modelling and Optimization of Methylene Blue Adsorption Process on Leonurus cardiaca L. Biomass Powder

Abstract

The main objective of this study was to optimize the adsorption process of methylene blue on a natural, low-cost adsorbent, Leonurus cardiaca L. biomass powder, in order to maximize dye removal efficiency from aqueous solutions. For this purpose, the Taguchi method was used based on an L27 orthogonal array design considering six controllable factors at three levels. The percentage contribution of each factor was computed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The optimal adsorption conditions were established. The experimental data from equilibrium and kinetic studies were modelled using specific equilibrium isotherms and kinetic models. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated in order to determine the main adsorption mechanism. The obtained results showed that the ionic strength is the factor that most influences dye adsorption (percentage contribution 72.33%), whereas the adsorbent dose had the least impact. The Sips isotherm and the general kinetic model most accurately characterized the process. The maximum adsorption capacity 103.21 (mg g−1) indicated by the Sips isotherm and the equilibrium time (40 min) were better compared to the values obtained for other bio-adsorbents used for methylene blue adsorption. The main mechanism involved in the adsorption is physisorption, while chemisorption only contributes marginally to the process.