Immunomodulation Therapies for Atherosclerosis: The Past, the Present, and the Future

Author:

Lecis Dalgisio1,Massaro Gianluca1ORCID,Benedetto Daniela1,Di Luozzo Marco1,Russo Giulio1,Mauriello Alessandro2ORCID,Federici Massimo3,Sangiorgi Giuseppe Massimo14ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Division of Cardiology, “Tor Vergata” University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy

2. Department of Experimental Medicine, University “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy

3. Department of Systemic Medicine, University “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy

4. Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy

Abstract

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of morbidity and death worldwide. Recent studies have demonstrated that this chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall can be controlled through the modulation of immune system activity. Many patients with cardiovascular disease remain at elevated risk of recurrent events despite receiving current, state-of-the-art preventive medical treatment. Much of this residual risk is attributed to inflammation. Therefore, finding new treatment strategies for this category of patients became of common interest. This review will discuss the experimental and clinical data supporting the possibility of developing immune-based therapies for lowering cardiovascular risk, explicitly focusing on vaccination strategies.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Inorganic Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Computer Science Applications,Spectroscopy,Molecular Biology,General Medicine,Catalysis

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