The Determinants of Mathematics Achievement: A Gender Perspective Using Multilevel Random Forest

Author:

Bertoletti Alice1ORCID,Cannistrà Marta2ORCID,Diaz Lema Melisa2ORCID,Masci Chiara3ORCID,Mergoni Anna4ORCID,Rossi Lidia2ORCID,Soncin Mara2ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Joint Research Center, European Commission, 41092 Seville, Spain

2. Department of Management, Economics and Industrial Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy

3. Department of Mathematical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy

4. Faculty of Economics and Business, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium

Abstract

This paper investigates the determinants of mathematics performance by gender, exploiting a multilevel random forest approach. OECD PISA 2018 data from 28 European countries are employed to explore the performance of male and female students as a function of students’ family characteristics, their attitudes towards education, and class and school environment. Results show that the gender gap in favour of boys persists in most European countries. However, teacher and school practices like fostering student reading and creating a cooperative environment allow mitigating the influence of family background in countries without gender gap. Policy implications to foster performance equality are provided.

Funder

FWO

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous),Development

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