Aging Model for Analyzing Drug-Induced Proarrhythmia Risks Using Cardiomyocytes Differentiated from Progeria-Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Abstract

Among various cardiac safety concerns, proarrhythmia risks, including QT prolongation leading to Torsade de Pointes, is one of major cause for drugs being withdrawn (~45% 1975–2007). Preclinical study requires the evaluation of proarrhythmia using in silico, in vitro, and/or animal models. Considering that the primary consumers of prescription drugs are elderly patients, applications of “aging-in-a-dish” models would be appropriate for screening proarrhythmia risks. However, acquiring such models, including cardiomyocytes (CMs) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), presents extensive challenges. We proposed the hypothesis that CMs differentiated from iPSCs derived from Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS, progeria) patients, an ultra-rare premature aging syndrome, can mimic the phenotypes of aging CMs. Our objective, therefore, was to examine this hypothesis by analyzing the response of 11 reference compounds utilized by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)’s Comprehensive in vitro Proarrhythmia Assay (CiPA) using progeria and control CMs. As a sensitive surrogate marker of modulating cardiac excitation–contraction coupling, we evaluated drug-induced changes in calcium transient (CaT). We observed that the 80% CaT peak duration in the progeria CMs (0.98 ± 0.04 s) was significantly longer than that of control CMs (0.70 ± 0.05 s). Furthermore, when the progeria CMs were subjected to four doses of 11 compounds from low-, intermediate-, and high-risk categories, they demonstrated greater arrhythmia susceptibility than control cells, as shown through six-parameter CaT profile analyses. We also employed the regression analysis established by CiPA to classify the 11 reference compounds and compared proarrhythmia susceptibilities between the progeria and control CMs. This analysis revealed a greater proarrhythmia susceptibility in the progeria CMs compared to the control CMs. Interestingly, in both CMs, the compounds categorized as low risk did not exceed the safety risk threshold of 0.8. In conclusion, our study demonstrates increased proarrhythmia sensitivity in progeria CMs when tested with reference compounds. Future studies are needed to analyze underlying mechanisms and further validate our findings using a larger array of reference compounds.