Affiliation:
1. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Substances and Resources Sustainable Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guilin 541006, China
2. School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541000, China
3. College of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541006, China
Abstract
Cycas (family Cycadaceae), which spread throughout tropical and subtropical regions, is crucial in conservation biology. Due to subtle morphological variations between species, a solid species-level phylogeny for Cycas is lacking. In the present study, we assembled and analyzed the chloroplast genomes of six Cycas plants, including their genome structure, GC content, and nucleotide diversity. The Cycas chloroplast genome spans from 162,038 to 162,159 bp and contains 131 genes, including 86 protein-coding genes, 37 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and 8 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Through a comparative analysis, we found that the chloroplast genome of Cycas was highly conserved, as indicated by the contraction and expansion of the inverted repeat (IR) regions and sequence polymorphisms. In addition, several non-coding sites (psbK-psbI, petN-psbM, trnE-UUC-psbD, ndhC-trnM-CAU, and rpl32-trnP-GGG) showed significant variation. The utilization of phylogenetic analysis relying on protein-coding genes has substantiated the division of Cycas primarily into four groups. The application of these findings will prove valuable in evaluating genetic diversity and the phylogenetic connections among closely related species. Moreover, it will provide essential support for the advancement of wild germplasm resources.
Funder
National Key Research and Development Program
Guangxi Natural Science Foundation of China
Chinese Academy of Sciences ‘Light of West China’ Program
Guangxi Forestry Science and Technology Promotion Demonstration Project
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Phytochemicals Research and Sustainable Utilization Independent Project
Guilin Innovation Platform and Talent Plan
Guilin City Technology Application and Promotion Plan
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