Analysis of a Capacitive Sensing Circuit and Sensitive Structure Based on a Low-Temperature-Drift Planar Transformer

Author:

Sui Yanlin,Yu TaoORCID,Wang Longqi,Wang Zhi,Xue Ke,Chen Yuzhu,Liu Xin,Chen Yongkun

Abstract

In space gravitational-wave-detection missions, inertial sensors are used as the core loads, and their acceleration noise needs to reach 3×10−15 ms−2/Hz at a frequency of 0.1 mHz, which corresponds to the capacitive sensing system; the capacitive sensing noise on the sensitive axis needs to reach 1 aF/Hz. Unlike traditional circuit noise evaluation, the noise in the mHz frequency band is dominated by the thermal noise and the 1/f noise of the device, which is a challenging technical goal. In this paper, a low-frequency, high-precision resonant capacitor bridge method based on a planar transformer is used. Compared with the traditional winding transformer, the developed planar transformer has the advantages of low temperature drift and low 1/f noise. For closed-loop measurements of capacitive sensing circuits and sensitive structures, the minimum capacitive resolution in the time domain is about 3 aF, which is far lower than the scientific measurement resolution requirement of 5.8 fF for gravitational wave detection. The capacitive sensing noise is converted to 1.095 aF/Hz in the frequency band of 10 mHz–1 Hz. Although there is a gap between the closed-loop measurement results and the final index, the measurement environment is an experimental condition without temperature control on the ground; additionally, in China, the measurement integrity and actual measurement results of the capacitive sensing function have reached a domestic leading level. This is the realization of China’s future space gravitational wave exploration.

Funder

National Key R&D Program of China

Key foreign cooperation projects of the Chinese Academy of Sciences

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Biochemistry,Instrumentation,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics,Analytical Chemistry

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