Soil Effects on the Bioactivity of Hydroxycoumarins as Plant Allelochemicals

Author:

Facenda Gracia1,Real Miguel1,Galán-Pérez Jose A.1ORCID,Gámiz Beatriz1ORCID,Celis Rafael1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Avenida Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain

Abstract

Soil plays a primary role in the activity of plant allelochemicals in natural and agricultural systems. In this work, we compared the phytotoxicity of three natural hydroxycoumarins (umbelliferone, esculetin, and scopoletin) to different model plant species (Lactuca sativa, Eruca sativa, and Hordeum vulgare) in Petri dishes, and then selected the most phytotoxic compound (umbelliferone) to assess how its adsorption and dissipation in two distinct soils affected the expression of its phytotoxic activity. The root growth inhibitory effect of umbelliferone was significantly greater than that of esculetin and scopoletin, and the dicot species (L. sativa and E. sativa) were more sensitive to the hydroxycoumarins than the monocot species (H. vulgare). For all three plant species tested, the phytotoxicity of umbelliferone decreased in the following order: soilless (Petri dishes) > soil 1 > soil 2. In soil 2 (alkaline), umbelliferone displayed negligible adsorption (Kf < 0.01) and rapid biodegradation (t1/2 = 0.2–0.8 days), and its phytotoxicity was barely expressed. In soil 1 (acid), umbelliferone displayed enhanced adsorption (Kf = 2.94), slower biodegradation (t1/2 = 1.5–2.1 days), and its phytotoxicity was better expressed than in soil 2. When the microbial activity of soil 2 was suppressed by autoclaving, the phytotoxicity of umbelliferone, in the presence of soil, became similar to that observed under soilless conditions. The results illustrate how soil processes can reduce the allelopathic activity of hydroxycoumarins in natural and agricultural ecosystems, and suggest scenarios where the bioactivity of hydroxycoumarins may be better expressed.

Funder

Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation

Junta de Andalucía

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Plant Science,Ecology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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