Effect of NaCl and EDDS on Heavy Metal Accumulation in Kosteletzkya pentacarpos in Polymetallic Polluted Soil

Author:

Zhou Mingxi1ORCID,Kiamarsi Zahar2,Han Ruiming3ORCID,Kafi Mohammad2,Lutts Stanley4

Affiliation:

1. Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic

2. Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran

3. School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China

4. Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Vegetale (GRPV), Earth and Life Institute-Agronomy (ELIA), Universite Catholique de Louvain, 5 (Bte 7.07.13) Place Croix du Sud, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

Abstract

The ability of plants to accumulate heavy metals is a crucial factor in phytoremediation. This study investigated the effect of NaCl and S,S-ethylenediaminesuccinic acid (EDDS) on heavy metal accumulation in Kosteletzkya pentacarpos in soil polluted with arsenic, cadmium, lead, and zinc. The addition of NaCl reduced the bioavailability of arsenic and cadmium, while EDDS increased the bioavailability of arsenic and zinc. The toxicity of the polymetallic pollutants inhibited plant growth and reproduction, but NaCl and EDDS had no significant positive effects. NaCl reduced the accumulation of all heavy metals in the roots, except for arsenic. In contrast, EDDS increased the accumulation of all heavy metals. NaCl reduced the accumulation of arsenic in both the main stem (MS) and lateral branch (LB), along with a decrease in cadmium in the leaves of the main stem (LMS) and zinc in the leaves of the lateral branch (LLB). Conversely, EDDS increased the accumulation of all four heavy metals in the LB, along with an increase in arsenic and cadmium in the LMS and LLB. Salinity significantly decreased the bioaccumulation factor (BF) of all four heavy metals, while EDDS significantly increased it. NaCl had different effects on heavy metals in terms of the translocation factor (TFc), increasing it for cadmium and decreasing it for arsenic and lead, with or without EDDS. EDDS reduced the accumulation of all heavy metals, except for zinc, in the presence of NaCl in polluted soil. The polymetallic pollutants also modified the cell wall constituents. NaCl increased the cellulose content in the MS and LB, whereas EDDS had little impact. In conclusion, salinity and EDDS have different effects on heavy metal bioaccumulation in K. pentacarpos, and this species has the potential to be a candidate for phytoremediation in saline environments.

Funder

China scholarship council

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Plant Science,Ecology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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