Effects of Temperature Difference and Heat Loss on Oscillation Characteristics of Thermo-Solutocapillary Convection in Toluene/N-Hexane Mixed Solution
-
Published:2023-05-21
Issue:10
Volume:13
Page:6292
-
ISSN:2076-3417
-
Container-title:Applied Sciences
-
language:en
-
Short-container-title:Applied Sciences
Author:
Zhang Shuo1ORCID, Liang Ruquan12, Yang Shuo3ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China 2. School of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China 3. Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province for Clean Combustion Power Generation and Heating Technology, Shenyang Institute of Engineering, Shenyang 110136, China
Abstract
During the crystal growth process using the floating zone method, the uneven distribution of impurities on the surface of the melt can trigger a coupling mechanism between solutocapillary convection driven by the concentration gradient and thermocapillary convection driven by the temperature gradient, resulting in the Marangoni convection at the free surface. When the temperature and concentration gradients reach certain values, the crystal surface and interior exhibit time-dependent, periodic oscillations, leading to the formation of micrometer-scale impurity stripes within the crystal. This study focuses on the effects of temperature difference and heat loss in a liquid bridge under microgravity on the structure and interface oscillation characteristics of thermo-solutocapillary convection, aiming to explore the coupling phenomenon of this oscillation and provide valuable information for crystal growth processes. An improved level set method is employed to accurately track every displacement of the interface, while the surface tension is addressed using the CSF model. In addition, the area compensation method is used to maintain simulation quality balance. A comprehensive analysis is performed on the oscillation characteristics of thermo-solutocapillary convection at the free surface, ranging from the temperature, concentration, deformation, and velocity distributions at the upper and middle heights of the liquid bridge. The results indicate that under small temperature differences (ΔT = 1 − 3), the transverse velocity at the upper end exhibits a single-periodic oscillation, while the longitudinal velocity presents a double-periodic oscillation. At the intermediate height, both the transverse and longitudinal velocities display a single-periodic oscillation. Under a large temperature difference (ΔT = 6), the oscillation of velocities at the upper end and the middle position become multi-periodic. In addition, heat loss has certain regular effects on the oscillatory flow of thermo-solutocapillary convection within a certain range. The velocity, amplitude, and frequency of the upper end and the middle position at the free surface decrease gradually, and the oscillation intensity also weakens with the increase in heat loss (Bi = 0.2 − 0.6). These new discoveries can provide a valuable reference for optimizing the crystal growth process, thereby enhancing the quality and performance of crystal materials.
Funder
National Natural Science Foundation of China Science and Technology Program Foundation of Liaoning Province Shenyang Science and Technology Project
Subject
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes,Computer Science Applications,Process Chemistry and Technology,General Engineering,Instrumentation,General Materials Science
Reference50 articles.
1. 3D melt convection in sapphire crystal growth: Evaluation of physical properties;Timofeev;Int. J. Heat Mass Transf.,2015 2. Yang, S., Qin, D.C., Zhang, Y.P., Xu, L., Fu, Y.D., Cui, J., and Pan, H. (2022). Experimental study on the influence of gravitational tilt angle on the spatio-temporal evolution of solutocapillary convection. Symmetry, 12. 3. Mendis, R.L.A., Sekimoto, A., Okano, Y., Minakuchi, H., and Dost, S. (2021). The relative contribution of solutal Marangoni convection to thermal Marangoni flow instabilities in a liquid bridge of smaller aspect ratios under zero gravity. Crystals, 11. 4. Material flow behavior on weld pool surface in plasma arc welding process considering dominant driving forces;Huu;Appl. Sci.,2020 5. Bobach, B.J., Boman, R., Celentano, D., Terrapon, V.E., and Ponthot, J.P. (2021). Simulation of the Marangoni effect and phase change using the particle finite element method. Appl. Sci., 11.
|
|