Dopamine Receptor D2 Gene (DRD2) Polymorphisms, Job Stress, and Their Interaction on Sleep Dysfunction

Abstract

Recent studies have shown that incessant job stress could eventually result in sleep dysfunction (SD), and most importantly, the essential role dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) gene polymorphisms play in the psychopathological mechanism of SD. The Effort-Reward Imbalance scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were both used to access SD and job stress (JS). A significant negative correlation was observed between the sDA levels and SD subscale scores (sleep efficiency, daytime dysfunction). The findings revealed that high levels of JS were linked to a higher SD score (OR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.46–3.12). Likewise, the homozygous A1A1 genotype of DRD2 rs1800497 was more likely to be associated with SD (OR = 2.90, 95% CI: 1.75–4.82). Compared to participants with low JS and heterozygous A1A2/A2A2 genotype, those with both high JS and homozygous A1A1 genotype had a higher SD score (OR = 5.40, 95% CI: 2.89–10.11). The A1 allele of the DRD2 rs1800497 polymorphism also enhances the likelihood of SD when undergoing JS. Besides, subjects with low JS and the homozygous A1A1 genotype also showed an increased possibility for sleep dysfunction (OR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.03–4.11). Our results suggest that the DA system may interrelate with JS to affect sleep.