1. Birmingham and Black Country NIHR CLAHRC, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
2. School of Health and Population Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
3. School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
4. Weight Management Services, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
5. Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
6. Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
7. Department of Medicine Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY and Doha, Qatar
8. Department of Medicine, King s College London, London, UK