A Systematic Review of Methods and Criteria Standard Proposal for the Use of Principal Component Analysis in Team’s Sports Science

Abstract

The availability of critical information about training and competition is fundamental on performance. Principal components analysis (PCA) is widely used in sports as a multivariate technique to manage big data from different technological assessments. This systematic review aimed to explore the methods reported and statistical criteria used in team’s sports science and to propose a criteria standard to report PCA in further applications. A systematic electronic search was developed through four electronic databases and a total of 45 studies were included in the review for final analysis. Inclusion criteria: (i) of the studies we looked at, 22.22% performed factorability processes with different retention criteria (r > 0.4–0.7); (ii) 21 studies confirmed sample adequacy using Kaiser-Meyer-Olkim (KMO > 5–8) and 22 reported Bartlett’s sphericity; (iii) factor retention was considered if eigenvalues >1–1.5 (n = 29); (iv) 23 studies reported loading retention (>0.4–0.7); and (v) used VariMax as the rotation method (48.9%). A lack of consistency and serious voids in reporting of essential methodological information was found. Twenty-one items were selected to provide a standard quality criterion to report methods sections when using PCA. These evidence-based criteria will lead to a better understanding and applicability of the results and future study replications.