Increased Tissue Expression of Lectin-Like Oxidized LDL Receptor-1 (LOX-1) Is Associated with Disease Severity in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps

Abstract

Background: The oxidative stress, induced by both environmental and intrinsic stimuli, underlies the onset and persistency of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Scavenger receptors (SRs) are a broad family of transmembrane receptors involved in a dysfunctional host–environment interaction through a reaction with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Objective: We hypothesized possible roles of two major SRs in CRS pathology that can translate to clinical phenotypes or histological subtypes: lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDL) receptor-1 (LOX-1) and scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1). Patients and Methods: We collected ethmoid sinus mucosa specimens and blood samples from patients with CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP; n = 31) or CRS without NP (CRSsNP; n = 13) and 19 control subjects. We performed an RT-PCR analysis, ELISA assay, and immunostaining to determine the expressions and distributions of LOX-1 and SR-B1. Results: The CRSwNP group showed a significant increase in LOX-1 mRNA expression compared to the control group. There was no significant difference in SR-B1 mRNA levels among the three groups. The LOX-1 mRNA levels were positively correlated with the sinus computed tomography (CT) scores. Sinus tissue, but not serum samples, showed elevated concentrations of LOX-1 protein in the CRSwNP group versus the control group. The LOX-1 protein distribution was localized in inflammatory cells and vascular endothelial cells. Conclusion: LOX-1 is a major receptor for oxidized low-density lipoprotein produced by oxidative stress. This is the first study to report alterations in LOX-1 expression and production triggered by persistent inflammatory processes in CRSwNP patients. Our findings reveal complex but important roles for SRs that may contribute to the onset of different CRS phenotypes.