Investigation of Hillslope Vineyard Soil Water Dynamics Using Field Measurements and Numerical Modeling

Author:

Krevh Vedran1ORCID,Groh Jannis234ORCID,Weihermüller Lutz3,Filipović Lana1ORCID,Defterdarović Jasmina1ORCID,Kovač Zoran5ORCID,Magdić Ivan6,Lazarević Boris7ORCID,Baumgartl Thomas8ORCID,Filipović Vilim18ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Soil Amelioration, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia

2. Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation—Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany

3. Institute of Bio- and Geoscience (IBG-3, Agrosphere), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany

4. Research Area 1 “Landscape Functioning”, Working Group “Hydropedology”, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 5374 Müncheberg, Germany

5. Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, Faculty of Mining Geology and Petroleum Engineering, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia

6. Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia

7. Department of Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia

8. Future Regions Research Centre, Geotechnical and Hydrogeological Engineering Research Group, Federation University, Gippsland, VIC 3841, Australia

Abstract

Soil heterogeneities can impact hillslope hydropedological processes (e.g., portioning between infiltration and runoff), creating a need for in-depth knowledge of processes governing water dynamics and redistribution. The presented study was conducted at the SUPREHILL Critical Zone Observatory (CZO) (hillslope vineyard) in 2021. A combination of field investigation (soil sampling and monitoring campaign) and numerical modeling with hydrological simulator HYDRUS-1D was used to explore the water dynamics in conjunction with data from a sensor network (soil water content (SWC) and soil-water potential (SWP) sensors), along the hillslope (hilltop, backslope, and footslope). Soil hydraulic properties (SHP) were estimated based on (i) pedotransfer functions (PTFs), (ii) undisturbed soil cores, and (iii) sensor network data, and tested in HYDRUS. Additionally, a model ensemble mean from HYDRUS simulations was calculated with PTFs. The highest agreement of simulated with observed SWC for 40 cm soil depth was found with the combination of laboratory and field data, with the lowest average MAE, RMSE and MAPE (0.02, 0.02, and 5.34%, respectively), and highest average R2 (0.93), while at 80 cm soil depth, PTF model ensemble performed better (MAE = 0.03, RMSE = 0.03, MAPE = 7.55%, R2 = 0.81) than other datasets. Field observations indicated that heterogeneity and spatial variability regarding soil parameters were present at the site. Over the hillslope, SWC acted in a heterogeneous manner, which was most pronounced during soil rewetting. Model results suggested that the incorporation of field data expands model performance and that the PTF model ensemble is a feasible option in the absence of laboratory data.

Funder

Croatian Science Foundation

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Water Science and Technology,Aquatic Science,Geography, Planning and Development,Biochemistry

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