Copper in Commercial Marine Fish: From Biomonitoring to the ESG (Environment, Social, and Governance) Method

Author:

Yap Chee Kong1ORCID,Austin Hew Tze Yik1,Nulit Rosimah1ORCID,Syazwan Wan Mohd1,Okamura Hideo2,Horie Yoshifumi2,Ong Meng Chuan34ORCID,Ismail Mohamad Saupi5ORCID,Kumar Krishnan6,Zakaly Hesham M. H.78ORCID,Cheng Wan Hee6

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

2. Graduate School of Maritime Sciences, Faculty of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe 658-0022, Japan

3. Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia

4. Ocean Pollution and Ecotoxicology (OPEC) Research Group, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia

5. Fisheries Research Institute, Batu Maung, 11960 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

6. Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Persiaran Perdana BBN, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

7. Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia

8. Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assuit 71524, Egypt

Abstract

The presence of potentially harmful metals in commercially available saltwater fish has been extensively documented in scientific literature. This has demonstrated the significance of monitoring the crucial copper (Cu) levels in fish fillets from a perspective focused on human health risks (HHR). This study aimed to evaluate the human health risk (HHR) associated with the presence of Cu in 40 different species of commercial marine fish purchased from Malaysia. The fish samples were gathered from various sources from April to May 2023. The 40 species of commercial marine fish had concentrations of Cu (0.72–82.3 mg/kg dry weight) that fell below acceptable levels defined by seafood safety recommendations. Therefore, these fish are considered good sources of the essential element. The target hazard quotient values for Cu were below 1, suggesting that the hazards of Cu from fish eating are non-carcinogenic. Furthermore, it was discovered that the computed values for the predicted weekly consumption were lower than the defined provisional tolerated weekly intake of Cu. Consuming fish purchased from Malaysia is unlikely to harm consumers’ necessary copper intake. However, it is crucial to consistently monitor the safety of consumers who heavily depend on commercially caught marine fish from Malaysia. This monitoring is an essential aspect of implementing environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices, which industries are concerned about and report on annually.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Reference100 articles.

1. Heavy Metals in Marine Fish Meat and Consumer Health: A Review;Bosch;J. Sci. Food Agric.,2016

2. Dorsey, A., Ingerman, L., and Swarts, S. (2021, December 15). Toxicological Profile for Copper, Available online: https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp132.pdf.

3. Roney, N., Cassandra, V., Williams, M., Osier, M., and Paikoff, S.J. (2005). Toxicological Profile for Zinc.

4. WHO (1998). Environmental Health Criteria 200: Copper, World Health Organization. Joint Sponsorship of the UNEP, IPO, and WHO. Produced within the Framework of the Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals.

5. Ruiter, A. (1995). Fish and Fishery Products: Composition, Nutritive Properties and Stability, CAB Internat.

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