The Response of Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) to Soil-Added Pb: Is It Suitable as a Potential Phytoremediation Species?

Abstract

Soils with high lead (Pb) levels can be decontaminated with the use of tolerant plants. Their effectiveness may be increased with added soil N due to boosted plant vigor, but such an agronomic practice has not been widely reported so far. In this work, purslane (Portulaca oleracea) was tested in a pot experiment as a potential phytoremediation species using soil spiked with Pb at doses of 0, 150, 300, 600, and 900 mg kg−1 (referred to as Pb(0), Pb(150), Pb(300), Pb(600), and Pb(900), respectively) with added N (referred to as N(1); at 300 kg N ha−1) and without added N (N(0)). We found that added Pb did not cause any adverse effects on plant growth (height, and aerial and root dry biomass) and physiological parameters, which were boosted with added N. Lead plant concentration and uptake significantly increased with added N, a finding that confirms our hypothesis. The number of necessary harvests of purslane in order to reduce soil Pb to half its initial concentration was also calculated and found to decrease with added N, being 131 at Pb(900)N(1). Although results indicate the potential of purslane as a phytoremediation species, further research is needed under real field conditions.