Prediction of the Impact of Land Use and Soil Type on Concentrations of Heavy Metals and Phthalates in Soil Based on Model Simulation
Author:
Stojić Nataša1ORCID, Pezo Lato2ORCID, Lončar Biljana3ORCID, Pucarević Mira1ORCID, Filipović Vladimir3ORCID, Prokić Dunja1ORCID, Ćurčić Ljiljana1ORCID, Štrbac Snežana4ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Faculty of Environmental Protection, Educons University, 21208 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia 2. Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia 3. Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia 4. Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Abstract
The main objective of this study is to determine the possibility of predicting the impact of land use and soil type on concentrations of heavy metals (HMs) and phthalates (PAEs) in soil based on an artificial neural network model (ANN). Qualitative analysis of HMs was performed with inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP/OES) and Direct Mercury Analyzer. Determination of PAEs was performed with gas chromatography (GC) coupled with a single quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS). An ANN, based on the Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (BFGS) iterative algorithm, for the prediction of HM and PAE concentrations, based on land use and soil type parameters, showed good prediction capabilities (the coefficient of determination (r2) values during the training cycle for HM concentration variables were 0.895, 0.927, 0.885, 0.813, 0.883, 0.917, 0.931, and 0.883, respectively, and for PAEs, the concentration variables were 0.950, 0.974, 0.958, 0.974, and 0.943, respectively). The results of this study indicate that HM and PAE concentrations, based on land use and soil type, can be predicted using ANN.
Funder
European Union’s Horizon Europe Project GREENLand—Twinning Microplastic-free Environment Provincial Secretariat for Urbanism and Environmental Protection Ministry of Science Technological Development and Innovations of the Republic of Serbia
Subject
Chemical Health and Safety,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis,Toxicology
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