Chlorogenic Acid as a Promising Tool for Mitigating Chilling Injury: Cold Tolerance and the Ripening Effect on Tomato Fruit (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Author:

Ilea Mihaela Iasmina Madalina1ORCID,Zapata Pedro Javier1ORCID,Fernández-Picazo Christian1ORCID,Díaz-Mula Huertas María1ORCID,Castillo Salvador1ORCID,Guillén Fabián1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Agro-Food and Agro-Environmental Research and Innovation Center (CIAGRO-UMH), Postharvest Research Group of Fruit and Vegetables, University Miguel Hernández, Ctra. Beniel km. 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain

Abstract

Tomato fruit (Solanum lycopersicum L.) has a very brief storability, displaying chilling injury (CI) when stored in cold conditions used to delay ripening. For this reason, in this study, different concentrations (10, 50, and 100 mg L−1) of chlorogenic acid (ChA) were assayed to evaluate its effectiveness in maintaining fruit quality traits and mitigating CI symptoms in tomatoes. Our results showed that ChA treatments effectively delayed weight loss and maintained fruit firmness, with optimal results observed at 50 mg L−1. In general, higher concentrations did not result in significant quality improvements. Additionally, ChA-treated tomatoes exhibited reduced values in malondialdehyde (MDA) content and electrolyte leakage (EL), indicating improved membrane integrity and reduced oxidative damage. ChA treatments also maintained a higher total phenolic content (TPC) during storage, with significant levels of individual polyphenols such as rutin, neochlorogenic acid, and p-coumaric acid, suggesting enhanced antioxidant capacity and better preservation of fruit quality. This is the first time the potential of ChA to reduce CI has been evaluated in any fruit species, and its impact in tomato ripening is shown to uphold fruit quality during cold storage, prolonging the storability of tomatoes. In particular, we highlight its natural origin and effectiveness as a postharvest treatment.

Funder

Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and European Commission with FED-ER funds

Publisher

MDPI AG

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