Comprehensive Evaluation of Tomato Growth Status under Aerated Drip Irrigation Based on Critical Nitrogen Concentration and Nitrogen Nutrient Diagnosis

Abstract

In order to provide a theoretical basis for the rational application of nitrogen fertilizer for tomatoes under aerated drip irrigation, a model of the critical nitrogen dilution curve was established in this study, and the feasibility of the nitrogen nutrition index (NNI) for the real-time diagnosis and evaluation of the nitrogen nutrient status was explored. The tomato variety “FENOUYA” was used as the test crop, and aerated drip irrigation was adopted by setting three levels of aeration rates, namely, A1 (dissolved oxygen concentration of irrigation water is 5 mg L−1), A2 (dissolved oxygen concentration of irrigation water is 15 mg L−1), and A3 (dissolved oxygen concentration of irrigation water is 40 mg L−1), and three levels of nitrogen rates, namely, N1 (120 kg ha−1), N2 (180 kg ha−1) and N3 (240 kg ha−1). The model of the critical nitrogen concentration dilution of tomatoes under different aerated treatments was established. The results showed that (1) the dry matter accumulation of tomatoes increased with the increase in the nitrogen application rate in a certain range and it showed a trend of first increase and then decrease with the increase in aeration rate. (2) As the reproductive period progressed, the nitrogen concentration in tomato plants showed a decreasing trend. (3) There was a power exponential relationship between the critical nitrogen concentration of tomato plant growth and above-ground biomass under different levels of aeration and nitrogen application rate, but the power exponential curves were characterized by A1 (Nc = 15.674DM−0.658), A2 (Nc = 101.116DM−0.455), A3 (Nc = 119.527DM−0.535), N1 (Nc = 33.819DM−0.153), N2 (Nc = 127.759DM−0.555) and N3 (Nc = 209.696DM−0.683). The standardized root mean square error (n-RMSE) values were 0.08%, 3.68%, 3.79% 0.50%, 1.08%, and 0.55%, which were less than 10%, and the model has good stability. (4) The effect of an increased nitrogen application rate on the critical nitrogen concentration dilution curve was more significant than that of the increase in aeration rate. (5) A nitrogen nutrition index model was built based on the critical nitrogen concentration model to evaluate the nitrogen nutritional status of tomatoes, whereby 180 kg ha−1 was the optimal nitrogen application rate, and 15 mg L−1 dissolved oxygen of irrigation water was the optimal aeration rate for tomatoes.