A Review of CO2 Marine Geological Sequestration

Abstract

Carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration plays a crucial role in reducing the levels of atmospheric CO2 and mitigating the harmful effects of global warming. Among the various CO2 sequestration technologies, CO2 marine geological sequestration emerges as a safer and more efficient alternative compared with traditional terrestrial geological sequestration. This is highly attributed to its expansive potential, safe distance from aquifers, and stable temperature and pressure conditions. This paper reviews and evaluates the main CO2 marine geological sequestration technologies, including CO2 sequestrations in shallow marine sediments, CO2, sub-seabed aquifers, and CO2-CH4 replacement. The goal of this paper is to shed light on the mechanism, potential, and challenges of each technology. Given the importance of safety in CO2 sequestration, this review also explores the potential adverse effects of CO2 leakage from reservoirs, particularly its impact on marine environments. Finally, we discuss potential development trends in CO2 marine geological technology.