Nanofertilizers: The Next Generation of Agrochemicals for Long-Term Impact on Sustainability in Farming Systems

Author:

Gade Aniket12ORCID,Ingle Pramod1ORCID,Nimbalkar Utkarsha1,Rai Mahendra13,Raut Rajesh4ORCID,Vedpathak Mahesh5,Jagtap Pratik4,Abd-Elsalam Kamel A.6ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati 444602, Maharashtra, India

2. Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, Maharashtra, India

3. Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland

4. Department of Botany, The Institute of Sciences, Dr. Homi Bhabha State University, Mumbai 400032, Maharashtra, India

5. Vidya Pratishthan’s Arts, Science and Commerce College, Baramati 413133, Maharashtra, India

6. Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt

Abstract

The microflora of the soil is adversely affected by chemical fertilizers. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers has increased crop yield dramatically at the cost of soil vigor. The pH of the soil is temporarily changed by chemical fertilizers, which kill the beneficial soil microflora and can cause absorption stress on crop plants. This leads to higher dosages during the application, causing groundwater leaching and environmental toxicity. Nanofertilizers (NFs) reduce the quantity of fertilizer needed in agriculture, enhance nutrient uptake efficiency, and decrease fertilizer loss due to runoff and leaching. Moreover, NFs can be used for soil or foliar applications and have shown promising results in a variety of plant species. The main constituents of nanomaterials are micro- and macronutrient precursors and their properties at the nanoscale. Innovative approaches to their application as a growth promoter for crops, their modes of application, and the mechanism of absorption in plant tissues are reviewed in this article. In addition, the review analyzes potential shortcomings and future considerations for the commercial agricultural application of NFs.

Publisher

MDPI AG

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