The Herbicide Glyphosate and Its Formulations Impact Animal Behavior across Taxa

Author:

Talyn Becky1ORCID,Muller Kelly2,Mercado Cindy3,Gonzalez Bryan4,Bartels Katherine4

Affiliation:

1. College of Natural Sciences, California State University, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA

2. School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA

3. Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA

4. Department of Biology, California State University, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA

Abstract

Use of glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides is ubiquitous in US agriculture and widespread around the world. Despite marketing efforts to the contrary, numerous studies demonstrate glyphosate toxicity to non-target organisms including animals, primarily focusing on mortality, carcinogenicity, renal toxicity, reproductive, and neurological toxicity, and the biochemical mechanisms underlying these physiological outcomes. Glyphosate toxicity also impacts animal behavior, both in model systems and in agricultural and environmentally relevant contexts. In this review, we examine the effects of glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides on animal behaviors, particularly activity, foraging and feeding, anti-predator behavior, reproductive behaviors, learning and memory, and social behaviors. Glyphosate can be detected both in food and in the environment, and avoided through activity and feeding strategies. However, exposure also reduces activity, depresses foraging and feeding, increases susceptibility to predation, interferes with courtship, mating, fertility and maternal behaviors, decreases learning and memory capabilities, and disrupts social behaviors. Changes in animal behavior as a result of glyphosate toxicity are important because of their sometimes severe effects on individual fitness, as well as ecosystem health. Implications for human behavior are also considered.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Reference223 articles.

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3. (2023, May 12). Based on Data Sets from The Detox Project. Available online: https://detoxproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/anresco_reports_food_testing_2016.pdf.

4. Bøhn, T., and Millstone, E. (2019). The introduction of thousands of tonnes of glyphosate in the food chain—An evaluation of glyphosate tolerant soybeans. Foods, 8.

5. Torretta, V., Katsoyiannis, I.A., Viotti, P., and Rada, E.C. (2018). Critical review of the effects of glyphosate exposure to the environment and humans through the food supply chain. Sustainability, 10.

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