First Report of Streptococcus ruminantium in Wildlife: Phenotypic Differences with a Spanish Domestic Ruminant Isolate

Abstract

Streptococcus ruminantium is a recent reclassification of the former Streptococcus suis serovar 33. Although knowledge about S. suis is extensive, information on S. ruminantium host range and pathogenic potential is still scarce. This bacterium has been isolated from lesions in domestic ruminants, but there are no reports in wild animals. Here, we provide information on lesions associated with S. ruminantium in Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica) and domestic sheep from NE Spain, as well as phenotypic biopatterns and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of the isolates. Overall, lesions caused by S. ruminantium were similar to those caused by S. suis, excluding polyserositis. Heterogeneity of the phenotypic profiles was observed within the S. ruminantium strains by VITEK-2, resulting in only two tests common to all S. ruminantium isolates and different from S. suis: Alpha-Galactosidase and Methyl-B-D-Glucopyranoside, both positive for S. suis and negative for S. ruminantium strains. Isolates from Pyrenean chamois were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested, except danofloxacin, whereas the domestic sheep isolate was resistant to tetracycline. In conclusion, S. ruminantium can cause infection and be associated with pathology in both wild and domestic ruminants. Due to its phenotypic diversity, a specific PCR is optimal for identification in routine diagnosis.