The Effect of Material Quality on Buildings Moderately and Heavily Damaged by the Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes

Abstract

On 6 February 2023, two major earthquakes occurred in the Turkish province of Kahramanmaraş. The first earthquake with a magnitude of Mw 7.7 occurred in the center of Kahramanmaras, while the second earthquake with a magnitude of Mw 7.5 occurred in the region of Elbistan. These earthquakes caused heavy damage and loss of life in the affected regions. In particular, the Elbistan region experienced both earthquakes with great severity. Following the earthquakes, damage analyses were carried out on the earthquake-affected structures in this region. In the region, 1045 buildings were destroyed, 2640 buildings were heavily damaged, and 463 buildings were moderately damaged by the earthquakes. In this study, the relation between the material quality and the damage status of the affected buildings in the Elbistan region was investigated. A total of 20 buildings with heavy and moderate damage, built both before and after the year 2000, were selected for analysis. Samples were taken from these buildings, and the compressive strength values of the samples were obtained. Further, in situ experiments featuring the Schmidt and UPV tests were performed in the buildings. The results found that the buildings lacked adequate concrete strength. In particular, the post-2000 structures recorded concrete strength values below the established standard. This study proves the necessity of following established regulations in the design and construction of buildings in earthquake-prone zones, especially with respect to the construction materials used.