Cardiopulmonary Long-Term Sequelae in Patients after Severe COVID-19 Disease

Author:

Niebauer Julia Hanne1,Binder-Rodriguez Christina2ORCID,Iscel Ahmet1,Schedl Sarah1,Capelle Christophe1,Kahr Michael2,Cadjo Simona2,Schamilow Simon1,Badr-Eslam Roza2,Lichtenauer Michael3,Toma Aurel1,Zoufaly Alexander45,Valenta Rosmarie6,Hoffmann Sabine1,Charwat-Resl Silvia1,Krestan Christian6,Hitzl Wolfgang789ORCID,Wenisch Christoph4,Bonderman Diana12

Affiliation:

1. Department of Cardiology, Favoriten Clinic, 1100 Vienna, Austria

2. Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria

3. Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria

4. Department of Infectious Diseases, Favoriten Clinic, 1100 Vienna, Austria

5. Faculty of Medicine, Sigmund Freud University, 1020 Vienna, Austria

6. Department of Radiology, Favoriten Clinic, 1100 Vienna, Austria

7. Team Biostatistics and Publication of Clinical Trial Studies, Research and Innovation Management (RIM), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria

8. Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria

9. Research Program Experimental Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria

Abstract

We aimed to identify cardiopulmonary long-term effects after severe COVID-19 disease as well as predictors of Long-COVID in a prospective registry. A total of 150 consecutive, hospitalized patients (February 2020 and April 2021) were included six months post hospital discharge for a clinical follow-up. Among them, 49% experienced fatigue, 38% exertional dyspnea and 75% fulfilled criteria for Long-COVID. Echocardiography detected reduced global longitudinal strain (GLS) in 11% and diastolic dysfunction in 4%. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed traces of pericardial effusion in 18% and signs of former pericarditis or myocarditis in 4%. Pulmonary function was impaired in 11%. Chest computed tomography identified post-infectious residues in 22%. Whereas fatigue did not correlate with cardiopulmonary abnormalities, exertional dyspnea was associated with impaired pulmonary function (OR 3.6 [95% CI: 1.2–11], p = 0.026), reduced GLS (OR 5.2 [95% CI: 1.6–16.7], p = 0.003) and/or left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (OR 4.2 [95% CI: 1.03–17], p = 0.04). Predictors of Long-COVID included length of in-hospital stay (OR: 1.15 [95% CI: 1.05–1.26], p = 0.004), admission to intensive care unit (OR cannot be computed, p = 0.001) and higher NT-proBNP (OR: 1.5 [95% CI: 1.05–2.14], p = 0.026). Even 6 months after discharge, a majority fulfilled criteria for Long-COVID. While no associations between fatigue and cardiopulmonary abnormalities were found, exertional dyspnea correlated with impaired pulmonary function, reduced GLS and/or diastolic dysfunction.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Medicine

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