Untangling Humpback Whale-Watching Management Networks: Collaboration and Conflict in the Northeast Pacific

Author:

Langle-Flores Alfonso1ORCID,López-Vázquez Zinthia1,Chávez Dagostino Rosa María1ORCID,Aguilar-Rodríguez Adriana2

Affiliation:

1. Centro Universitario de la Costa, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Universidad 203, Delegación Ixtapa, Puerto Vallarta 48280, Mexico

2. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de Información Geoespacial, Circuito Tecnopolo Norte 117, Col. Fraccionamiento Tecnopolo Pocitos, Aguascalientes 20313, Mexico

Abstract

Humpback whales face emerging anthropogenic challenges such as entanglement in abandoned fishing gear and stranding during their winter migration. Such challenges require collective action solutions involving diverse stakeholders across jurisdictions, social sectors, and geographies. Collaborative governance systems involve conflictual and collaborative interactions. We used a quantitative approach (social network analysis) to map the structure of three social networks: Collaboration in disentanglement, collaboration in stranding, and conflict. We administered a face-to-face survey to 38 stakeholders from four social sectors across seven coastal localities from April to November 2021. We also obtained perspectives from the same stakeholders about pressing conflicts, rule compliance, and law enforcement regarding whale-watching management in the region using a semi-structured questionnaire. We found hints of different dimensions of collaboration occurring simultaneously: Coordination, cooperation, and conflict. Networks played distinct roles in promoting collaboration across sectors, and while the disentanglement network coordinated civil society and the public sector, the stranding network facilitated cooperation within the public sector. The most pressing social conflicts detected by stakeholders were pleasure boats, abandoned fishing gear, and poor rule compliance regarding the distance between boats and whales. Our results suggest that in the context of institutional weakness, collaborative social networks play a crucial role in the management and conservation of coastal and marine common-pool resources.

Funder

CONAHCYT postdoctoral

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Water Science and Technology,Aquatic Science,Geography, Planning and Development,Biochemistry

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