Efficacy of Health Promotion Interventions Aimed to Improve Health Gains in Middle-Aged Adults—A Systematic Review

Author:

Santos Eunice M. C. P.1ORCID,Canhestro Ana M. G. D. S.2ORCID,Rosário Jorge M. O. A.1ORCID,Fonseca César J. V.34ORCID,Pinho Lara M. G.34ORCID,Arco Helena M. S. L. R.35ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Institute for Research and Advanced Training, University of Évora, 7000-811 Évora, Portugal

2. Department of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal

3. Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), University of Évora, 7000-811 Évora, Portugal

4. Nursing Department, University of Évora, 7000-811 Évora, Portugal

5. Department of Health Sciences and Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, 7300-555 Portalegre, Portugal

Abstract

Population aging will be one of the major social transformations in the coming decades, with a very significant impact in all countries. The consequences of this will cause an overload of social and health services. It will be necessary to prepare for an aging population. The promotion of healthy lifestyles is necessary to increase quality of life and well-being as people age. The aim of this study was to identify and synthesize interventions in middle-aged adults that promote healthy lifestyles and translate this knowledge into health gains. We performed a systematic review of the literature with research on the EBSCO Host—Research Databases platform. The methodology followed the PRISMA guidelines, and the protocol was registered with PROSPERO. A total of 10 articles out of 44 retrieved were included in this review, which identified interventions to promote healthy lifestyles with an impact on well-being, quality of life, and adherence to healthy behaviors. The synthesized evidence supports the efficacy of interventions that contributed to positive changes at the biopsychosocial level. Health promotion interventions were educational or motivational and related to physical exercise, healthy eating, and changes in habits and lifestyles related to harmful behaviors (tobacco use, excess carbohydrates in the diet, physical inactivity, and stress). The health gains found were increased mental health knowledge (self-actualization), adherence to physical exercise, improvement in physical condition, adherence to the consumption of fruits and vegetables, increased quality of life, and well-being. Health promotion interventions in middle-aged adults can significantly improve healthy lifestyles, protecting them from the negative effect of aging. For aging to be a successful experience, continuity of healthy lifestyles practiced in middle age is necessary.

Funder

FEDER, Interreg Program VA España-Portugal (POCTEP), International Institute for Research and Innovation in Aging–Capitaliza

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Geriatrics and Gerontology,Gerontology,Aging,Health (social science)

Reference30 articles.

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3. Loureiro, H. (2011). Cuidar na “entrada na reforma”: Uma Intervenção Conducente À Promoção da Saúde de Indivíduos E de Famílias, Tese de Doutoramento, Universidade de Aveiro.

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