Experimental Study on the Influence of Interfacial Energy Instability on the Flow Pattern Spatiotemporal Evolution of Thermal- Buoyant Capillary Convection

Abstract

The effect of the instability of the interface morphology due to mechanical disturbances and acceleration changes (or gravity flutter) on Marangoni convective stability has been confirmed via space experiments. However, compared with the research on Marangoni convection with an axisymmetric liquid bridge, research on the transition and interface flow behavior of Marangoni convection with a non-axisymmetric liquid bridge is not sufficiently deep. Based on the thermal-buoyant capillary convection (TBCC) experiment of the conventional liquid bridge, in this study, the influence of the interfacial energy instability triggered by the gravitational tilt angle (GTA) on the spatiotemporal evolution of the flow pattern and velocity distribution of the thermal-buoyant capillary convection is examined by applying the GTA to form the non-axisymmetric liquid bridge model. The results show that the non-equilibrium change in the interface curvature due to GTA leads to a non-axisymmetric liquid bridge morphology. With increasing GTA, the cell-flow morphology during the development process is restricted, transverse/longitudinal velocity component is suppressed, and velocity peak value position gradually approaches the interface. In the oscillating TBCC stage, the deviation of cell flow vortex cores from the intermediate height intensifies with the increasing GTA, resulting in the expansion of the alternating flow zone in the center. Furthermore, the longitudinal velocity component distribution is transformed into the “two peaks and one valley” morphology (“M”-type) from the original multi-peak morphology. The interfacial energy instability due to the GTA can increase the critical temperature difference of the oscillating TBCC, maintain its stability, and delay the onset of the oscillating flow. Simultaneously, the oscillation frequency of the oscillating TBCC is reduced and the development of the oscillating TBCC is suppressed.