Poly(δ-valerolactone)/Poly(ethylene-co-vinylalcohol)/β-Tricalcium Phosphate Composite as Scaffolds: Preparation, Properties, and In Vitro Amoxicillin Release

Abstract

Two poly(δ-valerolactone)/poly(ethylene-co-vinylalcohol)/β-tricalcium phosphate (PEVAL/PDVAL/β-TCP) composites containing an equal ratio of polymer and filled with 50 and 70 wt% of β-TCP microparticles were prepared by the solvent casting method. Interconnected pores were realized using the salt leached technique, and the porosity of the resulted composites was evaluated by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) method. The homogeneity of the hybrid materials was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The prepared materials’ SEM images showed interconnected micropores that respond to the conditions required to allow their uses as scaffolds. The porosity of each scaffold was determined from micro computed tomography (micro-CT) data, and the analysis of the mechanical properties of the prepared materials was studied through the stress-strain compressive test. The proliferation test results used human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to grow and proliferate on the different types of prepared materials, reflecting that the hybrid materials were non-toxic and could be biologically acceptable scaffolds. The antibacterial activity test revealed that incorporation of amoxicillin in the specimens could inhibit the bacterial growth of S. aureus. The in vitro study of the release of amoxicillin from the PEVAL/PDVAL/amoxicillin and PEVAL/PDVAL/β-TCP/amoxicillin drug carrier systems in pH media 7.4, during eight days, gave promising results, and the antibiotic diffusion in these scaffolds obeys the Fickian model.