A Deep Residual Neural Network for Image Reconstruction in Biomedical 3D Magnetic Induction Tomography

Abstract

In recent years, it has become increasingly popular to solve inverse problems of various tomography methods with deep learning techniques. Here, a deep residual neural network (ResNet) is introduced to reconstruct the conductivity distribution of a biomedical, voluminous body in magnetic induction tomography (MIT). MIT is a relatively new, contactless and noninvasive tomography method. However, the ill-conditioned inverse problem of MIT is challenging to solve, especially for voluminous bodies with conductivities in the range of biological tissue. The proposed ResNet can reconstruct up to two cuboid perturbation objects with conductivities of 0.0 and 1.0 S/m in the whole voluminous body, even in the difficult-to-detect centre. The dataset used for training and testing contained simulated signals of cuboid perturbation objects with randomised lengths and positions. Furthermore, special care went into avoiding the inverse crime while creating the dataset. The calculated metrics showed good results over the test dataset, with an average correlation coefficient of 0.87 and mean squared error of 0.001. Robustness was tested on three special test cases containing unknown shapes, conductivities and a real measurement that showed error results well within the margin of the metrics of the test dataset. This indicates that a good approximation of the inverse function in MIT for up to two perturbation objects was achieved and the inverse crime was avoided.