A Novel Hybrid Search and Remove Strategy for Power Balance Wireless Charger Deployment in Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks

Abstract

Conventional sensor nodes are often battery-powered, and battery power limits the overall lifetime of the wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Wireless charging technology can be implemented in WSNs to supply power to sensor nodes and resolve the problem of restricted battery power. This type of mixed network is called wireless rechargeable sensor networks (WRSNs). Therefore, wireless charger deployment is a crucial task in WRSNs. In this study, the method of placing wireless chargers to efficiently extend the lifetime of the WRSNs is addressed. Owing to the data forwarding effect in WSNs, sensor nodes that are closer to the data collection or sink node drain more power than nodes that are further away from the data collection or sink node. Therefore, this study proposes a novel hybrid search and removal strategy for the power balance charger deployment method. The wireless chargers are placed in the chosen nodes of the WRSNs. The node-chosen problem we address is called the dominating set problem. The proposed hybrid search and removal strategy attempts to discover the minimum number of chargers required to cover all sensor nodes in the WRSN. The proposed algorithm considers the charging power of the wireless directional charger when arranging its placement to maximize the charging capacity in a power-balanced prerequisite. Therefore, the proposed deployment strategy preserves the awareness of the presence of the sink node that could result in unbalanced power distribution in WRSNs. The simulation results show that the proposed strategy spares more chargers and achieves better energy efficiency than other deployment approaches.