Multimodification of a 304 Stainless Steel Surface Based on DA/PEI/SiO2 for Improving Surface Antimicrobial Performance

Abstract

An innovative antifouling composite coating comprising dopamine (DA), polyethyleneimine (PEI), and silica (SiO2) was developed through a straightforward and environmentally friendly approach. Initially, silica nanoparticles comodified with DA and PEI were meticulously deposited onto 304 stainless steel surfaces pretreated with dopamine to achieve a uniformly distributed nanocomposite surface. Comprehensive analytical techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle measurement (CA), and 3D optical profilometry, were employed to affirm the successful preparation of the silica nanocomposite coatings and the effective grafting of MAG II. The antibacterial and antibiofilm performance of the DA/PEI/SiO2-modified surface was rigorously assessed using Vibrio natriegens (V. natriegens), yielding compelling results indicating a substantial 51.4% reduction in biofilm formation on the SS-DA/PEI/SiO2 sample surfaces, coupled with an impressive 95.2% decrease in V. natriegens adhesion. This pioneering research introduces an innovative strategy for the development of antimicrobial surfaces with promising applications in medical devices, aquaculture, and related fields.