Three-Dimensional Bioprinting of Organoid-Based Scaffolds (OBST) for Long-Term Nanoparticle Toxicology Investigation

Author:

Gerbolés Amparo Guerrero1,Galetti Maricla2ORCID,Rossi Stefano1ORCID,lo Muzio Francesco Paolo1,Pinelli Silvana1,Delmonte Nicola3ORCID,Caffarra Malvezzi Cristina1,Macaluso Claudio1,Miragoli Michele145ORCID,Foresti Ruben156ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy

2. Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority-INAIL, 00078 Rome, Italy

3. Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy

4. Humanitas Research Hospital, IRCCS, 20089 Milan, Italy

5. CERT, Center of Excellence for Toxicological Research, 43126 Parma, Italy

6. CNR-IMEM, Italian National Research Council, Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, 43124 Parma, Italy

Abstract

The toxicity of nanoparticles absorbed through contact or inhalation is one of the major concerns for public health. It is mandatory to continually evaluate the toxicity of nanomaterials. In vitro nanotoxicological studies are conventionally limited by the two dimensions. Although 3D bioprinting has been recently adopted for three-dimensional culture in the context of drug release and tissue regeneration, little is known regarding its use for nanotoxicology investigation. Therefore, aiming to simulate the exposure of lung cells to nanoparticles, we developed organoid-based scaffolds for long-term studies in immortalized cell lines. We printed the viscous cell-laden material via a customized 3D bioprinter and subsequently exposed the scaffold to either 40 nm latex-fluorescent or 11–14 nm silver nanoparticles. The number of cells significantly increased on the 14th day in the 3D environment, from 5 × 105 to 1.27 × 106, showing a 91% lipid peroxidation reduction over time and minimal cell death observed throughout 21 days. Administered fluorescent nanoparticles can diffuse throughout the 3D-printed scaffolds while this was not the case for the unprinted ones. A significant increment in cell viability from 3D vs. 2D cultures exposed to silver nanoparticles has been demonstrated. This shows toxicology responses that recapitulate in vivo experiments, such as inhaled silver nanoparticles. The results open a new perspective in 3D protocols for nanotoxicology investigation supporting 3Rs.

Funder

Fondo Guido Erluison per la Ricerca

Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca in Epatologia-Onlus (FIRE) fellowship

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Inorganic Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Computer Science Applications,Spectroscopy,Molecular Biology,General Medicine,Catalysis

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