A Long-Term Study on the Content of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Rubber from End-of-Life Tires of Passenger Cars and Trucks

Abstract

At the European level, limits have been set (REACH) for the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in products with rubber and plastic components that come into contact with human skin or the oral cavity. These limit values reported in Commission Regulation (EU) 1272/2013 are of particular importance for the utilization of end-of-life tires (ELT) as recycled rubber materials for consumer applications, but a suitable analytical method has not yet been specified. On the other hand, comprehensive measurement series of the PAH content of ELT materials are scarce in the context of compliance testing against this regulation and general published PAH levels in ELT materials are often based on very different analytical methods. In the present work, the PAH content of three different rubber granulates from ELT (obtained from whole truck and passenger car tires and truck tire treads) were investigated over a period of two years. The Grimmer method was used for PAH profile analysis, which in terms of extraction intensity and sample preparation not only meets the requirements for a reliable determination of the EU priority PAH, but in addition covers a more comprehensive PAH profile. A total of 26 different PAH compounds, including the 8 EU priority PAH (REACH) and the 16 U.S. EPA priority PAH, were analyzed and their variations over time were examined to obtain reliable current data for PAH content in rubber granulates produced from ELT.