An Occurrence Study of Mycotoxins in Plant-Based Beverages Using Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

Author:

Pavlenko Romans1ORCID,Berzina Zane1ORCID,Reinholds Ingars1ORCID,Bartkiene Elena2ORCID,Bartkevics Vadims1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment “BIOR”, Lejupes Iela 3, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia

2. Department of Food Safety and Quality, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Street 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania

Abstract

Mycotoxins are toxic mold metabolites that can adversely affect human and animal health. More than 400 mycotoxins have been identified so far. Cereals and nuts are the predominant mycotoxin-contaminated foodstuffs. Plant-based drinks produced from cereals, nuts, and legumes have grown in popularity. The mycotoxins accumulated in these crops may transfer to these beverages. A liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and optimized for the assessment of 22 mycotoxins in commercially available plant-based drinks in Latvia and Lithuania. A total of 64% of the seventy-two analyzed beverages were positive for one to sixteen mycotoxins, with deoxynivalenol, beauvericin, and enniatins A, B, B1, T-2, and HT-2 toxins detected most frequently. The European Commission has not yet set guidelines for the maximum mycotoxin concentrations in plant-based beverages, nor has the European Food Safety Authority conducted a risk assessment. Therefore, acute exposure studies were provided for the Latvian population based on the assumed replacement of dairy milk with plant-based beverages to ascertain the safety of plant-based milk substitutes. Based on the observed levels of mycotoxin prevalence and contamination levels and assumed exposure, it can be concluded that tested plant-based beverages may be relatively safe. However, exposure to emerging mycotoxins should be considered.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis,Toxicology

Reference40 articles.

1. Bartkiene, E., Bartkevics, V., Pugajeva, I., Borisova, A., Zokaityte, E., Lele, V., Sakiene, V., Zavistanaviciute, P., Klupsaite, D., and Zadeike, D. (2020). Challenges Associated with Byproducts Valorization—Comparison Study of Safety Parameters of Ultrasonicated and Fermented Plant-Based Byproducts. Foods, 9.

2. Gil-Serna, J., Vázquez, C., and Patiño, B. (2020). Mycotoxins in Functional Beverages: A Review. Beverages, 6.

3. Dąbrowski, G., Paulauskienė, A., Baltušnikienė, A., Kłębukowska, L., Czaplicki, S., and Konopka, I. (2022). Changes in Selected Quality Indices in Microbially Fermented Commercial Almond and Oat Drinks. Appl. Sci., 12.

4. Sonesson, U., Davis, J., and Ziegler, F. (2023, May 20). Food Production and Emissions of Greenhouse Gases: An Overview of the Climate Impact of Different Product Groups. Available online: https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:943607/FULLTEXT01.pdf.

5. de Haan, C. (2023, May 20). Livestock’s Long Shadow. Environmental Issues and Options Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Available online: https://www.fao.org/3/a0701e/a0701e.pdf.

同舟云学术

1.学者识别学者识别

2.学术分析学术分析

3.人才评估人才评估

"同舟云学术"是以全球学者为主线,采集、加工和组织学术论文而形成的新型学术文献查询和分析系统,可以对全球学者进行文献检索和人才价值评估。用户可以通过关注某些学科领域的顶尖人物而持续追踪该领域的学科进展和研究前沿。经过近期的数据扩容,当前同舟云学术共收录了国内外主流学术期刊6万余种,收集的期刊论文及会议论文总量共计约1.5亿篇,并以每天添加12000余篇中外论文的速度递增。我们也可以为用户提供个性化、定制化的学者数据。欢迎来电咨询!咨询电话:010-8811{复制后删除}0370

www.globalauthorid.com

TOP

Copyright © 2019-2024 北京同舟云网络信息技术有限公司
京公网安备11010802033243号  京ICP备18003416号-3