Evaluating Ligand Modifications of the Titanocene and Auranofin Moieties for the Development of More Potent Anticancer Drugs

Author:

Fernández-Vega Lauren,Ruiz Silva Valeria A.,Domínguez-González Tania M.,Claudio-Betancourt Sebastián,Toro-Maldonado Rafael E.,Capre Maso Luisa C.,Sanabria Ortiz KarinaORCID,Pérez-Verdejo Jean A.,Román González Janeishly,Rosado-Fraticelli Grecia T.,Pagán Meléndez Fabiola,Betancourt Santiago Fabiola M.,Rivera-Rivera Daniel A.,Martínez Navarro Carlos,Bruno Chardón Andrea C.,Vera Axel O.ORCID,Tinoco Arthur D.ORCID

Abstract

Over time platinum-based anticancer drugs have dominated the market, but their side effects significantly impact the quality of life of patients. Alternative treatments are being developed all over the world. The titanocene and auranofin families of compounds, discovered through an empirical search for other metal-based therapeutics, hold tremendous promise to improve the outcomes of cancer treatment. Herein we present a historical perspective of these compounds and review current efforts focused on the evolution of their ligands to improve their physiological solution stability, cancer selectivity, and antiproliferative performance, guided by a clear understanding of the coordination chemistry and aqueous speciation of the metal ions, of the cytotoxic mechanism of action of the compounds, and the external factors that limit their therapeutic potential. Newer members of these families of compounds and their combination in novel bimetallic complexes are the result of years of scientific research. We believe that this review can have a positive impact in the development and understanding of the metal-based drugs of gold, titanium, and beyond.

Funder

National Institute of General Medical Sciences

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Inorganic Chemistry

Reference127 articles.

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