Cadmium–Zinc Interaction in Mus musculus Fibroblasts

Abstract

This work aimed to evaluate the effects of zinc (Zn) relating to cadmium (Cd)-induced toxicity and the role played by MTF-1. This transcription factor regulates the expression of genes encoding metallothioneins (MTs), some Zn transporters and the heavy chain of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase. For this reason, two cell lines of mouse fibroblasts were used: a wild-type strain and a knockout strain to study the effects. Cells were exposed to complete medium containing: (1) 50 μM ZnSO4 (Zn), (2) 1 μM CdCl2 (Cd 1), (3) 2 μM CdCl2 (Cd 2), (4) 50 μM ZnSO4 + 1 μM CdCl2 (ZnCd 1) and (5) 50 μM ZnSO4 + 2 μM CdCl2 (ZnCd 2) for 4, 18 and 24 h. Following exposure, cell viability, the intracellular content of metals, glutathione (GSH) and MT and the gene expression of the two isoforms of MT was evaluated. The results obtained suggest that a lower Cd content in the co-treatments is responsible for the protection offered by Zn due to the probable competition for a common transporter. Furthermore, Zn determines an increase in GSH in co-treatments compared to treatments with Cd alone. Finally, the MTF-1 factor is essential for the expression of MT-1 but not of MT-2 nor probably for the heavy chain of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase.