MALDI-Based Mass Spectrometry in Clinical Testing: Focus on Bacterial Identification

Abstract

The term “proteome” refers to the total of all proteins expressed in an organism. The term “proteomics” refers to the field of research that includes not only information on the expression levels of individual proteins, but also their higher-order structures, intermolecular interactions, and post-translational modifications. The core technology, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), is available for protein analysis thanks to the work of Koichi Tanaka and John Fenn, who were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2002. The most successful proteome analysis in clinical practice is rapid microbial identification. This method determines the bacterial species by comparing the proteome profile of the bacteria obtained by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight MS (MALDI-TOF MS) with a database. MS is superior in simplicity, speed, and accuracy to classic speciation by staining and phenotyping. In clinical microbiology, MS has had a large impact on the diagnosis and treatment of infectious disease. Early diagnosis and treatment of infectious disease are important, and rapid identification by MALDI-TOF MS has made a major contribution to this field.