Demand Response Implementation: Overview of Europe and United States Status
Author:
Silva Cátia1ORCID, Faria Pedro1ORCID, Vale Zita1ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Research Group on Intelligent Engineering and Computing for Advanced Innovation and Development (GECAD), Intelligent Systems Associated Laboratory (LASI), Polytechnic of Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
Abstract
The authors review the efforts made in the last five years to implement Demand Response (DR) programs, considering and studying several models and countries. As motivation, climate change has been a topic widely discussed in the last decades, namely in the power and energy sectors. Therefore, it is crucial to substitute non-renewable fuels with more environment-friendly solutions. Enabling Distributed Generation (DG), namely using renewable resources such as wind and solar, can be part of the solution to reduce the greenhouse effects. However, their unpredictable behavior might result in several problems for network management. Therefore, the consumer should become more flexible towards this new paradigm where the generation no longer follows the demand requests. With this, Demand Response (DR) concept is created as part of this solution. This paper studies the European Union and United States’ current status, with over 50 references.
Funder
FEDER Funds National Funds GECAD research center
Subject
Energy (miscellaneous),Energy Engineering and Power Technology,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment,Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Control and Optimization,Engineering (miscellaneous),Building and Construction
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