GIGANTEA Unveiled: Exploring Its Diverse Roles and Mechanisms

Author:

Liu Ling1,Xie Yuxin23,Yahaya Baba Salifu23,Wu Fengkai23ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin 644000, China

2. Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China

3. Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China

Abstract

GIGANTEA (GI) is a conserved nuclear protein crucial for orchestrating the clock-associated feedback loop in the circadian system by integrating light input, modulating gating mechanisms, and regulating circadian clock resetting. It serves as a core component which transmits blue light signals for circadian rhythm resetting and overseeing floral initiation. Beyond circadian functions, GI influences various aspects of plant development (chlorophyll accumulation, hypocotyl elongation, stomatal opening, and anthocyanin metabolism). GI has also been implicated to play a pivotal role in response to stresses such as freezing, thermomorphogenic stresses, salinity, drought, and osmotic stresses. Positioned at the hub of complex genetic networks, GI interacts with hormonal signaling pathways like abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA), salicylic acid (SA), and brassinosteroids (BRs) at multiple regulatory levels. This intricate interplay enables GI to balance stress responses, promoting growth and flowering, and optimize plant productivity. This review delves into the multifaceted roles of GI, supported by genetic and molecular evidence, and recent insights into the dynamic interplay between flowering and stress responses, which enhance plants’ adaptability to environmental challenges.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

General Project of Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province

Sailing Project Plan of Yibin University

Publisher

MDPI AG

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